Humanistic Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Informal Sector in Zimbabwe

Antecedent evidence suggests that Zimbabwe's informal sector employs 95% of economically active adults. The informal sector closed operations due to COVID 19 lockdowns resulting in loss of income, unemployment and low standard of living. The informal sector lacks a model to use during natural disasters like COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter analyses the humanistic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the informal sector in Zimbabwe. The study used the collective five finger theory as a lens to view the phenomena. The researcher adopts a post-positivism paradigm that advocates a mixed-method approach. The chapter uses a descriptive research design to interview officials from the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprise and Local Authorities and collect quantitative data from 200 informal traders in Gweru. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data and thematic analyses for qualitative data. The results revealed that relaxed sector workers' standard of living declined due to business revenue falling. The study recommends adopting the proposed intervention strategies based on the Humanistic-Pandemic-Approach in the Informal sector guided by Ubuntu philosophy. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

Identification and Profiling of a Novel Bombyx mori latent virus Variant Acutely Infecting Helicoverpa armigera and Trichoplusia ni.

Insect cell expression systems are increasingly being used in the medical industry to develop vaccines against diseases such as COVID-19. However, viral infections are common in these systems, making it necessary to thoroughly characterize the viruses present. One such virus is Bombyx mori latent virus (BmLV), which is known to be specific to Bombyx mori and to have low pathogenicity. However, there has been little research on the tropism and virulence of BmLV. In this study, we examined the genomic diversity of BmLV and identified a variant that persistently infects Trichoplusia ni-derived High Five cells. We also assessed the pathogenicity of this variant and its effects on host responses using both in vivo and in vitro systems. Our results showed that this BmLV variant causes acute infections with strong cytopathic effects in both systems. Furthermore, we characterized the RNAi-based immune response in the T. ni cell line and in Helicoverpa armigera animals by assessing the regulation of RNAi-related genes and profiling the generated viral small RNAs. Overall, our findings shed light on the prevalence and infectious properties of BmLV. We also discuss the potential impact of virus genomic diversity on experimental outcomes, which can help interpret past and future research results.

Big Five personality traits and coping strategies of Italian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic first wave.

Introduction: Little is known about the role personality traits may have played for university students in diminishing and compensating for the negative impact of COVID-19 in its early phases, promoting adaptive coping. University students represent a population which was consistently obliged to follow social distance rules due to the early shift of many organizations from face-to-face to online learning. Therefore, it is worth exploring whether the Big Five traits acted as risk or protective factors after the outbreak of a disaster such as the COVID-19 pandemic for Italian university students. Methods: We involved a sample of 2,995 university students who completed an online survey in March 2020. We measured the Big Five personality traits through the Big Five Inventory-2-XS and their coping strategies through the Robust-Pandemic Coping Scale. The latter assessed four COVID-19-related coping dimensions, namely Despair (e.g., including helplessness and feeling lack of control), Aversion (e.g., referring to oppositive strategies), Proactivity (e.g., comprising problem solving and information seeking), and Adjustment (e.g., concerning reappraisal and assertiveness). Results: Preliminarily, two Linear Mixed Models indicated that university students had higher scores in Conscientiousness, followed by Open-Mindedness, and then Agreeableness. These three traits were, in turn, higher than Extraversion and Negative Emotionality, which did not differ among them. Concerning coping, university students reacted more frequently utilizing adaptive strategies (with Proactivity used more frequently than Adjustment) rather than maladaptive strategies (with Despair higher than Aversion). A Path Analysis examining the relations between the Big Five traits and the four coping dimensions showed that Negative Emotionality can be considered as a risk factor, and that Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Open-Mindedness can be conceptualized as protective factors. More interestingly, we found that Extraversion entailed both a risk and a protective role for Italian university students after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: Notwithstanding limitations, these findings can be the basis for developing disaster preparation and prevention actions, aiming at promoting students' positive coping towards current and future disasters.

Openness relates to COVID-19 vaccination rates across 48 United States but politics Trump personality

Does geographic variation in personality across the United States relate to COVID-19 vaccination rates? To answer this question, we combined multiple state-level datasets: (a) Big Five personality averages (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness;Rentfrow et al., 2008), (b) COVID-19 full-vaccination rates (CDC, 2021a), (c) health-relevant demographic covariates (population density, per capita gross domestic product, and racial/ethnic data;Webster et al., 2021), and (d) political and religiosity data. Analyses showed openness as the strongest correlate of full-vaccination rates (r = 0.51). Controlling for other traits, demographic covariates, and spatial dependence, openness remained significantly related to full-vaccination rates (r(p) = 0.55). Adding political and religiosity data to this model diminished openness effects for full-vaccination rates to non-significance (r(p) = 0.26);however, extraversion emerged as a significant correlate of full-vaccination rates (r(p) = 0.37). Although politics are paramount, we suspect that states with higher average openness scores are more conducive to novel thinking and behavior-dispositions that may be crucial in motivating people to take newly-developed vaccines based on new technologies to confront a novel coronavirus.

Comparison of the Performances for CAPM and Fama-French models During COVID-19

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, it has caused a startling stun to both society and economy in numerous nations, where different industries suffered unequally. This paper reviews the various performance of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), and the Fama-French three-factor model and the five-factor model in different regions and industries. To metric the performance, various statistics models and scaling are applied including Pearson correlation, linear regression, R2 scores, t-test, etc. Specifically, this paper demonstrates the different performances of the CAPM model on the US and Egyptian stock markets, whereas using generalized method of moments in a panel data analysis to evaluate the performance in the U.S. market and the paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank to evaluate the performance in the Egyptian market. The Fama-French three-factor model and five-factor model are both based on the U.S. market and analyze the model's performance (measured by significant level) in the U.S. market in general and in individual sectors, respectively. Whereas, in terms of three-factors model, the OLS estimation and relapse expected excess return are used onto the variables and multiple linear regression method was used to study the significance of factors in three sub-industries. Regarding to five-factors model, a multivariate regression with covariates and OLS estimation are the method for evaluation. These results shed light for deeply understanding the model and recognizing the impact on the security market of the COVID-19. © 2023 SPIE.

The role of personality traits and the ability to detect fake news in predicting information avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of personality traits and the ability to detect fake news on information avoidance behavior. It also examined the effect of personality traits on the ability to detect fake news.Design/methodology/approachThe sample population included Shiraz University students who were studying in the second semester of academic year 2021 in different academic levels. It consisted of 242 students of Shiraz University. The Big Five theory was used as the theoretical background of the study. Moreover, the research instrument was an electronic questionnaire consisting of the three questionnaires of the ability to detect fake news (Esmaeili et al., 2019, inspired by IFLA, 2017), the Big Five personality traits (Goldberg, 1999) and information avoidance (Howell and Shepperd, 2016). The statistical methods used to analyze the data were Pearson correlation and stepwise regression, which were performed through SPSS software (version 26).FindingsThe results showed that from among the five main personality factors, only neuroticism had a positive and significant effect on information avoidance. In addition, the ability to detect fake news had a significant negative effect on information avoidance behavior. Further analyses also showed positive and significant effects of openness to experience and extraversion on the ability to detect fake news. In fact, the former had more predictive power.Practical implicationsFollowing the Big Five theory considering COVID-19 information avoidance and the ability to detect COVID-19 fake news, this study shifted the focus from environmental factors to personality factors and personality traits. Furthermore, this study introduced the ability to detect fake news as an influential factor in health information avoidance behaviors, which can be a prelude for new research studies.Originality/valueThe present study applied the five main personality factors theory in the context of information avoidance behavior and the ability to detect fake news, and supported the effect of personality traits on these variables.

How personality affects reaction. A mental health behavioral insight review during the Pandemic.

The fear caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is changing our psychology and behavior. This ongoing negative event, imposing restrictions such as home isolation and social distancing, can result in heightened anxiety, depression and a sense of loneliness, with immediate effects on mental health. This study investigates adolescents' reaction to the pandemic, by analyzing the behavioral mental health trends of depression, anxiety and sense of loneliness, in relation to personality traits. After controlling for demographics and family background, our results reveal strong relationships between several personality traits and psychological health indicators, during the pandemic in Greece. A total of 419 secondary school students (aged 12-18) were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Big Five Inventory for measuring personality (BFI) and the Children's Loneliness Questionnaire (CLS) during two time periods within pandemic. Overall, it appears that depression increased significantly in line with the escalation of the pandemic, while anxiety decreased, with the strongest predictors being the personality variables of extraversion, neuroticism and openness. Surprisingly, the study also revealed that the level of extraversion has a positive effect on changes in anxiety, while a negative one on changes in depression. On the other hand, neuroticism and openness seem to negatively correlate with anxiety changes and positively with depression changes. These findings highlight the importance of considering these variables in addressing individuals' mental health behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic and elucidate the literature by offering a deeper understanding of the strong relationship between personality, depression and anxiety.

Evaluating the quality consistency of antiviral oral liquid by high-performance liquid chromatography five-wavelength matched average fusion fingerprint combined with electrochemical fingerprint and ultraviolet spectral quantum fingerprint.

The antiviral oral liquid (AOL) was an antiviral drug currently in clinical trials against coronavirus disease 2019. This study aimed to improve its quality consistency evaluation method using fingerprint techniques from several aspects. First, the five-wavelength matched average fusion fingerprint (FMAFFP) for HPLC, electrochemical fingerprint (ECFP), and ultraviolet spectral quantum fingerprint (UVFP) was established for 22 samples, respectively. Their quality was then assessed using the average linear quantitative fingerprint method, and 22 samples were classified into eight quality grades. OPLS and PCA were then used further to explore the characteristic parameters of these three fingerprints. Five compounds were quantified simultaneously for the first time, and then the relationship between the average linear quantitative similarity (PL) and the sum of the five quantitative components (P5c) was investigated. A linear correlation (r ≥ 0.9735) between PL and P5c suggested that PL may be used to predict chemical content. Finally, to investigate the antioxidant potential of the AOL, correlation analyses were performed for FMAFFP peaks-PEC and UVFP peaks-PEC, respectively, where the PEC value was defined as the quantitative similarity of ECFP. The Pearson correlation coefficient and gray correlation analysis were consistent, allowing us to initially explore the antioxidant capacity of the unidentified components of the samples. This study researched AOL using multidimensional fingerprints to provide a comprehensive and reliable method for quality consistency control of herbal compound preparations.

Hotel employee resilience during a crisis: conceptual and scale development

This research aims to address the lack of research on hotel employee resilience during a crisis (HERC) and the absence of a measurement scale to assess it. A mixed-method approach was used to conceptualize HERC, identify its dimensions, and build a measurement scale. In Study 1, an online survey of 69 employees from upscale hotels was conducted, revealing a five-factor HERC model comprising resistance, adaptability, cooperation, restoration, and thriving. Study 2 developed preliminary measurement items for HERC, which were refined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Study 3 conducted another round of surveys and used a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify the factors generated from the second study. This research provides a comprehensive five-factor model of employee resilience during a crisis and a corresponding measurement scale, offering a theoretical foundation for hotel managers to develop effective strategies to manage crises. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Italy: Populism and Business in a Stagnant Economy

This chapter provides an overview of how populism has evolved in Italy since the 1990s, focusing in particular on the political changes occurred after the crisis of 2008. It shows that the collapse of mainstream parties has been accompanied by the rise of the League and the 5 Star Movement (M5S), two populist parties which have challenged EU control over budgets and austerity policies. The League provides an interesting case of populist party characterized by high levels of ideological ‘adaptability'—confirming the ‘chameleonic' nature of populist parties—and oscillating between support for neo-liberal economic policies and pro-welfare positions (filtered through the lens of its nativist ideology). This is then linked to a discussion of how business associations have responded to the new wave of populist politics started during the Great Recession. It is argued that the ambiguous position of Italian populists on economic issues is mirrored by ambiguous responses from business elites, which also reflect the divide existing between small-/medium-sized enterprises and large industrial and financial companies. Overall, a ‘soft voice' business response to populism seems to have prevailed—it became louder only when confronted with clearly redistributive policies proposed by the M5S. The last part of the chapter also considers more recent developments following the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, which marks a new critical juncture in Italian (and world) politics and economy. © The Editors and Contributors 2023. All rights reserved.

Research protocol for a preliminary evaluation of a gamified tool for adult wellbeing

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline a research protocol for an initial investigation into the efficacy of an early-development gamified intervention ("Wellbeing Town”) designed with potential end-users with the aim of improving adult wellbeing. Rationale for the proposed research is discussed along with a summary of the planned methodological approach.Design/methodology/approachPreliminary evaluation of "Wellbeing Town” is proposed to begin using a quasi-experiment, pre- vs post-intervention repeated-measures design with follow-up. Evaluation of changes in self-reported wellbeing will be supplemented with an investigation into the extent of self-directed play between post-intervention and follow-up, and its implications for follow-up outcome.FindingsAs this paper represents a protocol for future evaluation, no data is reported presently. The authors present the protocol for data analysis.Originality/valueOnce concluded, this study represents an initial evaluation of a gamified tool for adult wellbeing designed in conjunction with potential end-users. Should the game elicit significant improvements to wellbeing when played, proposals for further evaluation and possible future scalability are presented.

China: Interpreting the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of national goals

The urgent task of combining anti-epidemic measures with restoring economic activity was the most important focus for Chinese economists up to mid-2020. The main research topic was the growth rates required to meet the national goal of overcoming extreme poverty in 2021. China rapidly entered the post-COVID-19 era. Economists began to discuss the future of globalisation and the sustainability of global value chains. In the context of the normative concept of 'the profound changes unseen in a century', COVID-19 was interpreted as one of the multiple factors driving these changes. Economists took an active part in preparing a new five-year plan of socioeconomic development. Xi Jinping's meeting with leading Chinese economists in August 2020 was of great symbolic significance, since it highlighted the prestige of the profession in the eyes of the authorities. The new policy of 'dual circulation' responded to the effects of the pandemic and the deteriorating external economic environment. In 2021 Chinese economists focused on this policy, along with the tasks involved in the long-term development of China's economy and how to achieve 'the second centenary goal' of comprehensive national modernisation by the middle of the century. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Feasibility, Reliability, and Safety of Remote Five Times Sit to Stand Test in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Background: To determine the feasibility, reliability, and safety of the remote five times sit to stand test (5STS) test in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: Consecutive adult patients undergoing surgical treatment for lower gastrointestinal cancer at a major referral hospital in Sydney between July and November 2022 were included. Participants completed the 5STS test both face-to-face and remotely, with the order randomised. Outcomes included measures of feasibility, reliability, and safety. Results: Of fifty-five patients identified, seventeen (30.9%) were not interested, one (1.8%) had no internet coverage, and thirty-seven (67.3%) consented and completed both 5STS tests. The mean (SD) time taken to complete the face-to-face and remote 5STS tests was 9.1 (2.4) and 9.5 (2.3) seconds, respectively. Remote collection by telehealth was feasible, with only two participants (5.4%) having connectivity issues at the start of the remote assessment, but not interfering with the tests. The remote 5STS test showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.957), with limits of agreement within acceptable ranges and no significant systematic errors observed. No adverse events were observed within either test environment. Conclusions: Remote 5STS for the assessment of functional lower extremity strength in gastrointestinal cancer patients is feasible, reliable, and safe, and can be used in clinical and research settings.

How can hesitation in hotel live-streaming payment be overcome?: Examine the role of entrepreneurial performance and viewers' personality traits

After the outbreak of COVID-19, E-commerce lives streaming (ELS) has become popular as a marketing tool to reduce spatial restrictions and control the spread. However, there are concerns about the hesitance to pay after purchasing through ELS. This study examined the psychological factors from a consumer's perspective on reluctance to pay at the end of a hotel reservation through ELS. The conceptual framework of the study integrates the concepts of the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework in conjunction with the Five-Factor Model (Big Five). Data were collected from 401 online questionnaires collected by users with no more than three months of ELS experience and causal relationships were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The study found that promotion (PROM), Content Quality (CTQ) and Content Valence (CTV) played a crucial role in driving viewer interest in booking through hotel live-streaming (HLS). Viewers with the Extraversion personality type (EXT) show interest in booking accommodations through the hotel e-commerce live streaming platform. Financial and privacy concerns influence the assessment of payment options. In addition, finances and dissatisfaction are essential factors that encourage viewers to hesitate to pay after booking. This study is crucial for applying ELS in the tourism and hospitality industry to create new travel experiences post-COVID-19.

Alteration of lipid profile, kidney functions, D-dimer and some anti- inflammatory parameters in samples of Iraqi patients with Covid-19

Objective: The Aim of our research was to look into the association between various biochemical indicators and COVID-19 infection in Baghdad, Iraq. Methods: From the 15th of March to the August 2022, a cohort of 45 people with positively COVID-19 and 45 healthy controls visited Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. All of the patients have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and are experiencing symptoms and indicators. Each of the patients and healthy controls had their whole blood samples taken to be analyzed for;Lipid profile (triglycerides, Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values) Kidney function test (Urea and Creatinine), by using an enzymatic method , Anti-inflammation parameters (INF-, TGF, Interleukin-12, and Interleukin 18), The (Biosours) ELISA kit was used to assess the results., and D-dimer was quantified using mini vidas kits donated by Bio Meriux-France. Results: The results showed that The majority of COVID-19 patients showed elevated lipid profiles and kidney function tests, as well as the anti-inflammatory parameters with increase the levels of D-dimer compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: The present study concludes that Covid-19 cause alteration in lipid profile, kidney functions, D-dimer and some anti-inflammatory parameters.

The relationship between fear of COVID-19 infection, fear of COVID-19 vaccination and Big Five personality traits: a mediation model

BACKGROUND The primary objective of our correlational, cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19 infection and fear of COVID-19 vaccination and the role of the Big Five personality traits in this re-lationship.PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The study sample consisted of 462 participants, including 286 women and 176 men, aged 18 to 75, recruited from the general population. The Big Five personality traits were di-agnosed using the Polish version of the Ten-Item Personal-ity Inventory. We used an 11-point numerical rating scale to measure the intensity of fear of COVID-19 infection as well as fear of COVID-19 vaccination.RESULTS The results indicate that fear of infection has a weak posi-tive correlation with fear of vaccination. Both types of fear have a weak negative correlation with emotional sta-bility and openness to experience. People diagnosed with COVID-19 have significantly higher levels of fear of vac-cination and lower levels of emotional stability compared to those without a COVID-19 diagnosis. Fear of infection proves a good predictor of fear of vaccination and a likely mediator between emotional stability and fear of vaccina-tion against COVID-19.CONCLUSIONS The results may increase our understanding of the role of personality traits, such as emotional stability, in the fear of infection and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy.

Exploring digital natives' mobile addiction syndrome in Taiwan: psychological issues and beyond

PurposeThis study seeks to explore digital natives' mobile usage behaviors and, in turn, develop an analytic framework that helps articulate the underlying components of mobile addiction syndrome (MAS), its severity levels and mobile usage purposes.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation adopts a survey method and a case study. The results of the former are based on 411 random classroom observations and 205 questionnaire responses, and the insights of the latter are derived from 24 interviews and daily observations.FindingsThe findings validate five distinctive signs that constitute MAS and their significant correlations with each of the Big Five personality traits. Classroom observations confirm the prevalence of addiction tendency among digital natives in the research context. Seven levels of MAS and six different mobile usage purposes further manifest themselves from case analysis. There appears to be a sharp contrast between the addicted and non-addicted groups in their mobile purposes and behavioral patterns. Additionally, family relationships seem influential in shaping non-addictive mobile usage behaviors.Research limitations/implicationsPsychological perspectives on MAS may be important but insufficient. Empirical investigation on a global scale, especially with distinctive cross-cultural comparisons, will be highly encouraged. How MAS evolves over time should also serve as future research interests.Practical implicationsTeaching pedagogy of college education might need certain adjustments to intrigue digital natives' learning interests. Future managers might also need to adopt better performance measurements for digital natives who barely separate work from personal matters in their mobile devices.Social implicationsParents and healthcare institutions may need to develop response mechanism to tackle this global issue at home and in society. The long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on MAS might also deserve global attention.Originality/valueThe analytic framework developed provides an original mechanism that can be valuable in identifying MAS severity and associated behavioral patterns.

Impact of COVID-19 on the Human Personality: An Analysis Based on Document Modeling Using Machine Learning Tools

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the globe terribly. The rapid spread of this virus and the precautionary measures to prevent it have impacted the lives of all human beings around the world in all dimensions. The anxieties over the virus along with the social restrictions have challenged the mental health and might have acute psychological consequences. In this study, our aim is to analyze whether COVID-19 has done any significant changes to very well-known five-factor personality traits of all the humans all over the world from social media text, such as Twitter. We first train and validate five machine learning models on the benchmark essays dataset and then those models are tested on the preprocessed Twitter dataset, consisting of pre_covid and post_covid tweets. The novelty of this study is to analyze and establish the fact that in this short period of time, COVID-19 cannot make very significant changes in the human personality all over the world. We have compared the performances of five machine learning models and what we have found is that the result provided by one model is also justified by the other models. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Computer Journal is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Initial five and ten-minute regional cerebral oxygen saturation as a predictor of the futility of resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) during the initial 5 and 10 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compared with an initial rSO2 and mean rSO2 during entire CPR to predict the futility of resuscitation for patients without of-hospital-cardiac arrest (OHCA). This was a prospective study involving 52 adult patients presenting in OHCA and whose cerebral rSO2 values were measured until either CPR was terminated or sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved. Receiver operating characteristics analyses were used to evaluate which time and type of measurement is better to predict non-ROSC. The area under the curve (AUC) of each rSO2 value according to measurement time (overall, initial 5 minutes and 10 minutes) were the highest value of 0.743, 0.724, and 0.739, mean values of 0.724, 0.677 and 0.701 and rSO2 (Changes in values of regional cerebral oxygen) value of 0.722, 0.734 and 0.724, respectively, while all of the initial values had a poor AUC (<0.7) and also were not statistically significant. The optimal cut-off value of each rSO2 values during overall, initial 5 minutes and 10 minutes were the highest value of 26% (sensitivity, 53.9% specificity, 92.3%), 24% (sensitivity, 56.4% specificity, 92.3%), and 30% (sensitivity, 61.5% specificity, 84.6%), mean value of 15.2%, 15.3% and 16%, respectively. None of the patients with a persistent rSO2 <=18% during the overall period achieved ROSC. Initial 5 minutes and 10 minutes cerebral rSO2 values an out-of-hospital-cardiac arrest (OHCA) are a better predictor in deciding the futility of CPR, compared to initial and overall measurements.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.